An Unusual Case of Traumatic Carditis in a Goat  

Ali Zohaib1 , Awais-ur-Rehman Sial2 , Muhammad Saqib2 , Muhammad Nadeem Asi2
1. DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
2. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery2, Faculty of Veterinary Science1, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2013, Vol. 3, No. 3   doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2013.03.0003
Received: 27 Feb., 2013    Accepted: 04 Mar., 2013    Published: 21 Mar., 2013
© 2013 BioPublisher Publishing Platform
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:

Zohaib et al., 2013, An Unusual Case of Traumatic Carditis in a Goat, International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, Vol.3, No.3 7-8 (doi: 10.5376/ ijmvr.2013.03.0003)

Abstract

An unusual case of traumatic carditis in a Tedday goat is described. No significant other accompanying abnormalities were observed at necropsy except the presence of 4.5 mm long sharp quilt needle, which was extending from the left ventricle to right atrium.

Keywords
Goat; Traumatic carditis; Epicardium; Comatose

Introduction
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis and pericarditis is a frequently seen digestive tract condition in cow and buffaloes, however, rarely encountered in in sheep and goats (Maddy, 1954; Sojka et al., 1990). The condition results mostly following the swallow of small sharp metallic objects (foreign body) along with the feed. These foreign bodies may penetrate the reticulum and then further extends to diaphragm and pericardium (Haque et al., 1976; Brown et al., 2007). If foreign bodies do not cause perforation it can remain in reticulum without causing any harm (Brown et al., 2007). Multiple abscesses both in thoracic and abdominal organs are the sequelae of TRP (Sojka et al., 1990). Due to sever loss of production, affections of ruminants’ forestomach is gaining the currency all over the globe.

Case History
In this report an unfamiliar traumatic reticulo-pericarditis is described in a 2-year old female goat. A crossbred (Teddy) goat in comatose condition was present at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). In anamnesis no significant information except the history of in-appetence from last 5 days, along with abducted forelimbs and reluctant to walk. Patient was kept on grazing along with its other heard-mates. Before any diagnosis/treatment started, animal died.

Necropsy Findings
Thoracic and abdominal findings were insignificant and all organs positioned normally. Both pericardium and fluid were devoid of any evidence inflammatory reaction, however, removal of pericardium revealed a 3 mm round necrotic spot on epicardium of left ventricle (Figure 1).


Figure 1 A 3 mm round spot on epicardium of left ventricle representing the entry pathway of the needle


Upon exploring the spot, a 45 mm long quilt needle found fixed in the ventricular septum extended from left ventricle to right atrium (Figure 2).


Figure 2 A 45 mm long quilt needle can be seen fixed in the ventricular septum


The sharp end of the needle found fixed in bicuspid valve. The significant of this necropsy finding was the absence of any other abnormality (pericardial effusions, peritonitis etc.).

Discussion
As cattle do not properly masticate feed before swallowing and also do not discriminate between metal and feed material, so they commonly ingest foreign bodies (Braun et al., 2002). Presence of potentially injurious foreign bodies (sharp) in the feed/grazing is important in the development of the disease.

Perforation of reticulum by sharp penetrating foreign objects results in TRP (Sojka et al., 1990). Ruminal tympany and pregnancy results in increased intra-abdominal pressure, which facilitates the penetration of sharp foreign objects into reticulum and other thoracic/abdominal organs (Akkoç, 2007; Torki et al., 2011). Sharp foreign bodies perforating reticulum in carinoventral direction can cause Reticulo-pericarditis after penetrating from diaphragm (Sojka et al., 1990). Suppurative inflammation characterized by multi-locular abscessation of various organs located in abdominal and thoracic cavity is the complication of TRP (Sojka et al., 1990). Whereas Akkoç, 2007 had also described the presence of pyothorax as a possible complication of TRP along with abscess pouch in pericardial sac. In the present report no inflammation and abcessation was found in abdominal/thoracic cavity. Thickening of epicardium and pericardium are common lesions of TRP but in this case no effusions and thickening of pericardium and epicardium was found. In this report no other macro and microscopic findings related to forestomach diseases was found. Authors think that this report is of special significance, as goats are elegant in their eating habits and TRP is extremely rare condition reported. Despite the rareness of the condition in this species this disease should be given wattage due to related economic losses and poor prognosis (often death) (Çevik et al., 2010).

References
Akkoç, A., 2007, Traumatic reticulopericarditis in a Saanen goat, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. SCI., 31(4): 283-285

Braun U., Gansohr B., and Haessig M., 2002, Ultrasonographic evaluation of reticular motility in cows after administration of atropine, scopolamine and xylazine, J. Vet. Med. A. Physiol. Pathol. Clin.Med., 49(6): 299-302
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00450.x PMid:12227472

Brown C.C., Baker D.C., and Barker, I.K., 2007, Forestomachs, in: Jubb K., Kennedy P., and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, Academic Press Inc, California, pp. 41-51

Çevik A., Timurkaan N., and Yilmaz F., 2010, Traumatic reticulopericarditis in a goat, F.Ü.SaÄŸ.Bil.Vet.Derg., 24(2): 103-105

Haque M.A., Kral E., Nechvatal M., and Roztocil V., 1976, Radiocinematography of induced traumatic reticuloperitonitis in goats, Acta Vet. Bruno., 45: 141-148

Maddy, K.T., 1954, Traumatic gastritis in sheep and goats, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 124: 124-125

Sojka J.E., White M.R., Widmer W.R., and VanAlstine W.G., 1990, An unusual case of traumatic pericarditis in a cow, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 2(2): 139-142
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879000200213 PMid:2094436

Torki E., Dezfoli M.R.M., Sasani F., Baghban F., Shahabi M., and Motaghinejad M., 2011, Traumatic reticulo-pericarditis (TRP) in sheep: a report of 4 cases in a herd, Slov. Vet. Res., 48(2): 45-50

International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research
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